Study population
Regarding 2,087 earliest-year children who undergone a broad test (pre-university) and finished forms at Wellness Services Center away from Okayama College inside , 1,396 people volunteered for a good step 3-year realize-right up test before graduation inside (follow-upwards price; 66.9%). For it research, we believed users that have a Body mass index away from ? twenty-five.0 kilogram yards ?2 as the fat (16) . We omitted 82 people who had been fat (Body mass index ? 25 kilogram meters ?2 ) during the the standard health test. Finally, research from,314 students (676 men and you may 638 people; 65.3%) was basically examined. The study try authorized by the Stability Panel regarding Okayama College or university Graduate College out of Treatments, Dentistry and Drug Sciences (Zero. 306). Authored consent are obtained from all the people.
Research regarding over weight/being obese
Regarding the all-around health test, this new peak and the body pounds from users have been measured by the university’s social wellness nurses with the Tanita excess fat analyser (Design Zero. BF-220; Tanita, Tokyo, Japan). Body mass index is actually determined since the weight into the kilograms separated by the level inside m squared (23) .
Questionnaire
Players advertised rate from dinner in line with others, centered on certainly four qualitative kinds: slow, typical, prompt, and incredibly punctual. The newest legitimacy and you will reliability of the survey is already confirmed and you may used for evaluating associations between notice-stated food price and obesity (24) . We mutual prompt and very quick answers on the just one group away from eating rapidly and you may slow and you will typical solutions to the an individual group of dinner slow (8) .
Some other lifestyle factors, responses were given because of the participants inside a great “yes/no” style as follows: an irregular leer aquГ diet plan (we.e., irregular mealtime), bypassing morning meal, eating until full, frequently snacking and you may/otherwise dining in the evening, appear to ingesting unhealthy fats, seem to eating green vegetables, seem to dining processed foods, apparently food sweets, frequently consuming (sugar-sweetened) sodas, normal physical activity, and you will habitual taking (sixteen, 20) . The latest survey is conducted during the standard.
Statistical research
Paired t, unpaired t, Fisher’s exact, and chi-squared tests were used to determine whether there were any significant differences between baseline and re-examination, or normal weight and overweight groups. Using a logistic regression model, both odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Being overweight at the 3-year follow-up was used as a dependent variable. Gender, eating quickly, and frequently consuming fatty foods at baseline were added as independent variables on multivariate analysis according to the guidelines of a previous study (25) . All data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (21.0J for Windows; SPSS Japan, Tokyo, Japan). A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Overall performance
There were no significant differences in prevalence of eating quickly and body composition at baseline between participants who were followed up and those who were not (data not shown). Table 1 shows the characteristics of participants. Overall, 207 male (30.2%) and 198 female (31.0%) participants reported eating quickly. Of the 38 participants (2.9%) who became overweight, none were obese (BMI ? 30 kg m ?2 ). There was a significant difference in body composition between baseline and re-examination data (P < 0.05).
- a suggest ± practical departure.
- bP < 0.05, paired t test. Baseline vs. after 3 years.
- cP < 0.05, ? 2 test.
- dn (%).
In both male and female participants, a higher prevalence of those who ate quickly was observed in the overweight group compared with the normal weight group (P < 0.05). The prevalence of participants who ate quickly and frequently consumed fatty foods was significantly higher in the overweight group than in the normal weight group (P < 0.05).
- a keen (%).
