- Logan, K.A good. 1991. Animals Search Institute, Inc., Moscow, Idaho. (Personal communications)
- Hopkins, R.An excellent. 1989. Ecology of your puma regarding Diablo Variety, California. Ph.D. dissertation, College out-of California on Berkeley.
- Cunningham, E.B. 1971. An effective cougar eliminates a keen elk. Canadian Profession Naturalist. -254. (Cited off Dixon 1982.)
- Whitfield, P. 1978. The fresh candidates. Simon and Schuster, Nyc.
- Dixon, KR. 1967. Mountain lion predation toward larger game and you will livestock during the Tx. Jobs Conclusion Representative. Proj. W-38-R-2l, Tx Video game, Seafood, Areas Dept., Fort Collins, Colo. (Cited off Dixon 1982.)
- Ashman, D. 1977. Hill lion investigations. Occupations Overall performance Declaration, Venture W-48-8. Nevada Dept. Wildl., Reno, Vegas. (Quoted from Dixon 1982.)
- de Treville, S. 1991. Animals Biologist. de Treville Ecological Technologies. San diego, California. (Individual communications)
- Hopkins, R.An excellent. 1991. Wildlife Biologist, H.T. Harvey and you can Couples, Alviso, Ca. (Private correspondence)
- Errington, P.L. 1967. Regarding predation and you can lifetime. Iowa Condition College mydirtyhobby mobile site Press, Ames.
Certain tribes drove away infection from the Jangling dried cougar paws more a sick some one direct
On the story book industry, the puma try the fresh guardian of the cosmos. (1) The fresh Zui of the latest Mexico asserted that the newest ancient ones wanted the world is protected of the those keen off vision and odor, (2) while the puma was the brand new sentinel of your own northern. (step three, 4, 5) The latest Miwoks from Ca described the cougar as the better hunter, strong and you may brave, head one of the pet. (6) The brand new Apaches and you may Hualapais out of Arizona thought about the newest kitties wailing due to the fact an enthusiastic omen away from passing. (7) In one single Navajo legend, the brand new champion try critically injured when witch stuff are shot toward their human anatomy. It is the puma just who extracts these missiles of demise, protecting brand new hero’s lives. New Navajo in addition to experienced the brand new puma benefited him or her from the making brand new better part of its kills pertaining to anyone to consume. (8) not, not everybody viewed new cougar having reverence the fresh Papago expected the fresh lion once the a flesh-dinner monster. (9)
On the earthly world, of many societies noticed they could imbue on their own into the pumas hunting prowess by applying societies or fetishes. A culture is a group in this a tribe, usually of males, results a specific creature is the totem and you will way to obtain energy. (1) The latest Caiyek (Cougar Area) out of Zia Pueblo within the The new Mexico resided to simply help hunters during the the pursue. People in the fresh Caivek believed that a supernatural ability instance profitable query got to every species of animal because of the Efforts. (10) At Jemez Pueblo, this new Cougar Neighborhood given deer and you may rabbit. (11) The latest cougars skill just like the a seeker may also be lengthened so you can warfare. (1) Subscription about Opi, a esteemed warrior neighborhood out-of Chchiti Pueblo, is only able to be purchased by the destroying an opponent when you look at the battle or of the killing the nice hunter–brand new puma. (10)
Very early Perspectives Cougars tread a route that winds from the fairy-tale and you may earthly worlds out-of Local American societies regarding Western Hemisphere
In a few societies, fetishes are important inside move supernatural powers so you can individuals. A fetish was a material object such as for example a little sculpture, considered incorporate or reveal certain fuel otherwise efforts. The fresh new Hopi and Zui considered that fetishes were after real beings and you may Zui candidates transmitted brief brick-carved hill lion after they ran deer query. The fresh figure is actually provided every day, and you will upon brand new seekers come back, blood of your quarry was smeared on muzzle of fetish. At San Felipe Pueblo, mountain lion fetishes were utilized ahead of an excellent buffalo otherwise deer seem. (1)
Aztec medical professionals recommended pricking new nipple away from unwell tribesmen with the crisp bone regarding a beneficial puma to help you reduce the chances of passing. Cougar gall try applied into the high infection to boost the benefit of the ailing individual combat the condition, and in the end in order to instill the fresh new kitties ferocious assaulting spirit. (7) Certain fighters tied up lion paws and you can muzzle hair to their bandoleers before going into the conflict, (11) as well as the Zia Cougar People used leggings and you will effigies made of puma cover-up in some rites. (12)
